Open Access

Table I

New suggested classification for tongue malformations.

Category Abnormality
Tongue number Aglossia
Accessory tongue
Tongue size Macroglossia
Microglossia
Long tongue
Asymmetry of the tongue
Position Retroglossia
Ankyloglossia
Glossoptosis
Error of fusion Bifid tip of the tongue
Pentafid
Coating abnormalities Glazed tongue
Median rhomboid glossitis
Increased tongue coating
Hairy tongue
Strawberry tongue
Abnormal muscle substance Spoon tongue
Tongue fissuring
Median grooved tongue
Thin tongue
Wooden-like
Mutilated
Neurological abnormalities Tremors
Fasciculations
Deviation
Dyskinesia
Range of motion Limited
Excessive
Vascular lesions Hemangioma
Vascular malformations
Masses Lingual thyroid nodule
Cysts
Tumors

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