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Table 2
Summary of literature case reports: Demographic, clinical and histopathological findings, pathology diagnosis of premalignant melanocytic lesion and time to onset of oral malignant melanoma.
| Author/year | Age/race/sexe | Location of pre-malignant lesion | Size (cm) | Clinical findings | Histological findings | Diagnosis of the pre-malignant lesion | Time to diagnosis of OMM | Reasons for consultation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rapini [12]; 1985 | 9 years/black/F | Lips | NP | NP | NP | NP | 20 years | Enlarging/pain |
| Rapini [12]; 1985 | 46 years/white/M | Palate | NP | NP | NP | NP | 6 years | Enlarging |
| Taylor [13]; 1990 | 22 years/white/M | Mandibular gingiva | 0.5 | Pigmented lesion | Squamous epithelium with anastomosing and elongated rete ridges and “abundant pigmentation in the basilar” and scattered melanophages in the stroma | Benign gingival melanosis | 5 years | Enlarging/ulceration |
| Umeda [14]; 2002 | 58 years/Asian/F | Palate | NP | Pigmented macule | Lentiginous proliferation of dendritic melanocytes and melanin products. Melanocytes formed small nests in the tip of rete ridges | Melanocytic dysplasia | 3 years | Follow up visits |
| Kahn [15];2005 | 38 years/white/F | Palate | 1.2 | Elongated bluish-black macule with an irregular brown periphery | 1: Normal mucosa except “for increased melanin pigmentation in the basal layer” 2: Intense pigmentation and “large number of melanocytes” in the basal cell layer with “clear cell (melanocytic) proliferation” 3: HMB-45 was positive 4: NP (postirradiation change of salivary ductal epithelium) 6: Increased numbers of pigmented melanocytes at the dermalepidermal junction with prominent dendritic melanocytes |
1: Oral melanotic macule 2: Oral melanotic macule OMM 3: Pigmented epithelial hyperplasia 4: Atypical melanocytic hyperplasia 5: Atypical melanocytic hyperplasia + malignant melanoma in situ 6: Labial lentigo = hyperpigmented melanotic macule 7: Carcinoma in situ with focal areas of superficial invasion and melanocytic colonization + severe melanocytic dysplasia 8: Melanoacanthoma 9: Atypical melanocytic hyperplasia 10: Melanocytic hyperplasia with focal dendritic melanocytes |
7 years and 8 months | Increasing in size |
| Kaehler [16]; 2008 | 57 years/NP/M | Tongue | 2.0 × 5.0 | Bluish brown melanosis | Pronounced “basal hyperpigmentation” without elongation of rete ridges | Oral melanosis | 9 years | Enlarging |
| Meleti [17]; 2010 | 50 years/NP/M | Palate | 1.5 | Irregularly shaped flat, nonuniformly pigmented (predominantly brown-black), surrounded by minor brownish pigmentations | Limited amount of melanin pigment in the basal layer of epithelium and in the connective tissue. Mild signs of melanocytic atypia. In the underlying salivary glands, several pigmented epithelial cells in the interlobular and excretory ductal cells. |
Possible neoplastic melanocytic proliferation with atypia and variable expression of melanin extending into the underlying salivary glands | 4 years | Follow up visits |
| Shen [6];2011 | 60 years/Asian/F | Palate | NP | NP | NP | Oral melanotic macule | 1 month | NP |
| Patel [3];2017 | 41 years/Asian/M | Maxillary gingiva | 0.75 | Bluish-black with slight variegation | Melanocytic hyperplasia with atypical melanocytes | Pre-malignant melanosis | 12 years and 8 months | Bleeding and soreness |
| Patel [3];2017 | 62 years/Asian/F | Maxillary gingiva | 4.25 | Bluish-black with color variation and an irregular border | Melanocytic hyperplasia with dendritic melanocytes migrating into spinous cell layer | Oral melanoacanthoma | 11 months | Reappearance and a salty taste associated with areas of the lesion |
| Our case report | 22 years/Maghreb/F | Palate | 4 | Brown-black melanosis | Basal hyperpigmentation without any atypical melanocyte | Oral melanosis | 15 years | Enlarging/ulceration |
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