Systematic Review

Pediatric oral lichen planus

Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory of Oral Health and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

^* Correspondence: Kadrisahar1995@gmail.com

Received: 25 January 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2025

Abstract

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a rare chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder in children, with limited research on its prevalence and clinical features. Therefore, more comprehensive studies are needed. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on pediatric OLP, its, clinical manifestations, etiology, and treatment options. Methods: The search of articles was conducted on Medline between January 2001 and December 2023. The search strategy was based on relevant keywords and Medical-Subject-Headings terms related to OLP and children. After selecting articles, data were extracted and analyzed. Results: Twenty-eight articles were included in the review. Clinical manifestations of pediatric OLP varied with common presentations. Its etiology remains unclear, although genetic factors, immune dysregulation, viral infections, and environmental triggers have been implicated. Topical corticosteroids were used as first-line therapy. Other treatment modalities; immunomodulatory agents, phototherapy and systemic corticosteroids; were also explored in the included studies. However, the evidence base for these interventions efficacy and safety in children was limited. Discussion and conclusion: OLP as one of the most common oral mucosal diseases in adults, has been rarely described in children. The findings of this review can guide healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing OLP in pediatric patients based on the current evidence.