Issue |
Med Buccale Chir Buccale
Volume 19, Number 3, juillet 2013
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 155 - 159 | |
Section | Articles originaux / Original articles | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2013069 | |
Published online | 24 May 2013 |
Facteurs de risque communs aux maladies bucco-dentaires et aux maladies non transmissibles à Cotonou (Bénin)
Common risk factors for dental and oral diseases, and communicable diseases in Cotonou (Benin)
1
Service de Stomatologie, CNHU HKM, Cotonou, Bénin
2
Programme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Non Transmissibles
(PNLMNT), Ministère de la santé, Cotonou, Bénin
* Correspondance : pobasfr@yahoo.fr
Reçu : 30 Décembre 2012
Accepté : 10 Avril 2013
Les maladies bucco-dentaires ont en commun avec les principales maladies chroniques (pathologies cardiovasculaires, affections respiratoires chroniques, diabète et cancers) plusieurs facteurs de risque, dont la mauvaise alimentation, le tabagisme et la consommation nocive d’alcool. Objectif : Evaluer la prévalence des facteurs de risque communs aux maladies non transmissibles à Cotonou (Bénin) en 2007. Patients et méthode : Une étude transversale descriptive à visée analytique a été réalisée à Cotonou (Bénin) en 2007, à l’aide du module optionnel de santé bucco-dentaire de l’instrument STEPS 1 de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. L’échantillon a été obtenu par sondage en grappes à deux degrés. Résultats : Parmi les 2 568 sujets enquêtés, 62,05 % étaient de sexe féminin et 37,95 % de sexe masculin. L’âge moyen était de 39,4 ± 11,8 ans et plus d’un sur deux n’avait pas été scolarisé. Le tabagisme significativement lié au sexe et à l’âge, avait une prévalence de 3,9 %. Celle pour la consommation de boissons alcoolisées était de 55,4 % [IC95 : 53,4 %–57,3 %]. 90,30 % de sujets consommaient moins de 5 fruits et légumes par jour et 10,1 % d’entre eux avaient déclaré une fréquence d’ingestion des aliments supérieure à 6 prises journalières. La prévalence de diabète sucré (glycémie ≥ 1,26 g/l) était de 4,6 %. Conclusion : Cette étude est non seulement une ouverture pour des études plus approfondies sur le sujet mais surtout un support pour la sensibilisation des populations pour un changement de comportement vis-à-vis des facteurs de risque des Maladies Non Transmissibles.
Abstract
Oral diseases have in common with the four main categories of chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer) several risk factors, including the bad power supply, smoking and the harmful use of alcohol. Objective: The overall objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of risk factors common to dental and oral diseases, and other chronic diseases in Cotonou (Benin) in 2007. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study descriptive analytical referred in the department of the coastline in Benin in 2007 using the optional module of oral health of the World Health Organization STEPS 1 instrument. The sample was obtained by cluster survey to two degrees. The data analysis was carried out thanks to the Epi Info software 3.3.2. Results: Among the 2 568 subjects investigations, 37.95% were male and 62.05% of the female sex. The average age was 39.4 ± 11.8 years and more than 1/2 was not attending school. Depending on the age and sex, the age range of 35-44 years of the female sex was the most represented (26.60%). The smoking, present in 3.9% of this population, was significantly related to the sex and age. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages was 55.4% [CI95: 53.4%–57.3%], it was significantly linked with gender, level of education and to the profession. 90.30% of subjects consumed less than 5 fruits and vegetables per day. 10.1% of subjects investigations had declared a frequency of ingestion of food to upper 6 taken daily. The fasting blood glucose (FPG) performed in 65.14% of the subjects investigations had done a prevalence of diabetes mellitus (≥1.26 g/l) of 4.6% that significantly increased with age. Concerning the local risk factors for 1 topic investigation on 3 stated that they used the brush plant for his daily dental oral hygiene and 55.7% of subjects reported brush teeth twice/day. Conclusion: The interest of this study is that it has allowed us to explore the distribution of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in general, oral and dental in particular according to the sex, the age group, the ethnic characteristics and socio behavioral in the city of Cotonou. It is an opening for more in-depth studies. It is mainly a tool which will serve as a support for raising the awareness of people for a change of behavior opposite the risk factors for MNT.
Mots clés : facteurs de risque / maladies bucco-dentaires / maladies non transmissibles
Key words: risk factors / oral diseases / non-communicable diseases
© SFCO, 2013
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