Issue |
Med Buccale Chir Buccale
Volume 19, Number 3, juillet 2013
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 149 - 154 | |
Section | Articles originaux / Original articles | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2013057 | |
Published online | 20 March 2013 |
Manifestations stomatologiques et infection à VIH au Centre national hospitalier et universitaire de Cotonou (Bénin)
Stomatological appearances of HIV infection at National Academic Hospital of Cotonou (Benin)
1
Service de Stomatologie, CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, Bénin
2
Service d’ORL et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale,
CNHU-HKM, Cotonou,
Bénin
3
Centre de Traitement ambulatoire des PVVIH, Médecine interne,
CNHU-HKM, Cotonou,
Bénin
* Correspondance : pobasfr@yahoo.fr
Reçu :
31
Décembre
2012
Accepté :
11
Février
2013
Objectif : Les manifestations stomatologiques de l’infection à VIH sont nombreuses et certaines peuvent hypothéquer la survie des personnes infectées. L’objectif de cette étude rétrospective est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des manifestations stomatologiques liées à l’infection à VIH chez les sujets suivis au Centre de Traitement ambulatoire du Centre national hospitalier et universitaire de Cotonou (Bénin).
Patients et méthode : Cette étude porte sur 300 personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH), reçues entre février et mars 2010. Les dossiers des patients ont été exploités et un examen clinique bucco-dentaire a été réalisé.
Résultats : L’âge moyen des PVVIH était de 39 ans et on observait une prédominance féminine (65 % des cas) soit un sex ratio H/F de 0,53. 21 % de l’échantillon n’avaient aucune instruction et seulement 4 % avaient fait des études supérieures. Plus de 97 % des PVVIH étaient infectés par le VIH1 et 45 % étaient au stade clinique III selon la classification de l’OMS.
La candidose buccale constituait l’infection la plus fréquente (67 % des PVVIH). L’indice CAOD moyen était de 1,85 et plus de 60 % des PVVIH avaient un indice parodontal (CPI) égal à 2. Les manifestations bucco-faciales survenaient volontiers au stade d’immunodépression sévère. 63 % des patients étaient déjà sous traitement antirétroviral et environ 3 patients sur 4 dans l’échantillon étaient sous traitement prophylactique des infections opportunistes.
Conclusion : Les affections bucco-dentaires représentent un réel problème au sein de la population étudiée. Les chirurgiens dentistes doivent être impliqués dans toutes les équipes prenant en charge des PVVIH.
Abstract
Objective: We have carried out a prospective study cross sectional descriptive of the stomatological manifestations during HIV infection in ambulatory treatment center of Cotonou (Benin). The purpose of this study was to contribute to a better knowledge of the stomatological appearances related to HIV infection to take appropriate care of HIV-infected individuals.
Patients and method: It was held from february to march 2010 and has helped to gather 300 patients living with HIV of both sexes and of all ages having a serology antiretroviral positive confirmed, received in consultation during the period and who have given their consent to participate to the survey. The recruitment of patients was chronological. The sample size was calculated by using the formula for Schwarz. An oral clinical examination carried out by a single surgeon dentist has resulted in the collection of data relating to the teeth and periodontal health index (CPI and DMFT). A questionnaire was used to inform about the other variables (sociodemographic, clinical, immunological and the habits of life). The encoded data and entered through the software EPIDATA were analyzed with the STATA software 11. The chi2 was used with a threshold of significance of 0.05.
Results: The average age of the population was 39 years with some extremes from 21 to 82 years. The study was marked by female predominance (65% of cases), the sex ratio M/F is 0.53. 21% of the sample were without instruction. More than 97% were infected with HIV1 and 45% of the sample were at the clinical stage III according to the WHO classification. The candidiasis were mucositis most frequently encountered (67% of cases) following by the black villous tongue (42%). The decayed missed filled tooth (DMFT) index medium of our population was 1.85. More than 60% had a community periodontal index (CPI) equal to 2. About 63% of the population were under antiretroviral treatment and 72% under treatment for the prophylaxis of opportunistic infections.
Generally, concerning the sociodemographic variables, our results confirmed the anterior studies in Africa (average age, sex ratio, HIV kind, instructions levels, etc.). About, the actual orofacial appearances of HIV on the mucous membranes, our results were in accordance with the literature data.
Conclusion: At the end of this study, we can say that the orofacial appearances are a real health problem within the study population. The dental surgeons must be involved in all teams for taking over these HIV-infected individuals.
Mots clés : VIH / manifestations stomatologiques / épidémiologie
Key words: HIV / stomatological manifestations / epidemiology
© SFCO, 2013
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