Open Access

Table III

Summary of study characteristics and assessment of risk of study bias.

Study characteristics Studies n Risk of bias assessment Studies n
Year of publication Selection
2021 3 Definition of cases 5
2022 2 Selection of cases 4
Definition of controls 5
Selection of controls 4
Study design Comparability
Crossover 1 Matching for age and genders 3
Parallel arms 4 Matching of other factors 3
Evaluation Measures
Pain 4 Measurement description 4
Anxiety 5 Validation of measurement technique 5

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