Issue |
Med Buccale Chir Buccale
Volume 19, Number 2, avril 2013
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 91 - 99 | |
Section | Mise au point / Literature review | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2012052 | |
Published online | 18 January 2013 |
Intérêt de l’oxygénothérapie hyperbare dans la prévention et le traitement des ostéonécroses des maxillaires dues aux bisphosphonates
Interest of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the prevention and treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws
1
Centre médical des Armées,
Draguignan, France
2
Service de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale et
Stomatologie, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Sainte
Anne, Toulon, France
3
Service d’ORL et de Chirurgie cervico-faciale,
Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Sainte
Anne, Toulon, France
4
Service de Médecine interne-Oncologie, Hôpital
d’Instruction des Armées Sainte Anne,
Toulon,
France
5
Equipe résidante de Recherche subaquatique
opérationnelle, Institut de Recherche biomédicale des
Armées, Toulon, France
6
Service de Médecine hyperbare et Expertise de la
plongée, Toulon, France
* Correspondance :
mgunepin@yahoo.fr
Reçu :
25
Octobre
2012
Accepté :
3
Décembre
2012
Les bisphosphonates (BP) sont des inhibiteurs du remodelage osseux indiqués dans la prise en charge de pathologies malignes (myélome multiple, métastases de tumeurs solides, etc.) et bénignes (ostéoporose, maladie de Paget, etc.). Depuis 2003, un effet indésirable imputé à cette classe de médicaments est apparu dans la littérature : les ostéonécroses des maxillaires (ONM) induites par la prise de BP. Cliniquement, l’ONM se caractérise par une exposition d’os nécrotique qui persiste pendant plus de 8 semaines. En 2007, puis 2009, l’American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) a émis des recommandations destinées aux professionnels de santé pour prévenir et prendre en charge cet effet indésirable. Cependant, l’absence de thérapeutiques efficaces a poussé de nombreux auteurs à tester, en complément des thérapies proposées par l’AAOMS, des traitements expérimentaux au nombre desquels figure l’oxygénothérapie hyperbare (OHB). D’un point de vue théorique, l’étiopathogénie des ONM n’étant pas connue, l’impact de l’OHB sur les mécanismes de survenue de cette pathologie reste hypothétique. D’un point de vue clinique, les avis divergent sur l’intérêt de l’utilisation de l’OHB dans le traitement des ONM. Cependant, les résultats préliminaires de deux essais cliniques contrôlés et randomisés en cours aux Etats-Unis laissent à penser que l’OHB pourrait trouver de nouvelles indications en chirurgie orale dans le traitement mais aussi la prévention des ONM.
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BP) have been used since 1960s for their capability to alter the mechanism of bone resorption and remodeling. Intravenous (IV) BP are effective in the treatment and management of cancer-related conditions including hypercalcemia of malignancy, skeletal-related events associated with bone metastases in the context of solid tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer, and management of lytic lesions in the setting of multiple myeloma. Oral BP are used to treat osteoporosis and osteopenia. In 2003, oral and maxillofacial surgeons first recognized and reported cases of non-healing exposed bone in the maxillofacial region in patients treated with IV bisphosphonates. This adverse effect was called BONJ for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Clinically, BONJ is defined by an exposed bone in the maxillofacial region that has persisted for more than 8 weeks. So far, the etiopathogenesis of BONJ remains uncertain. It is worth noting that BP act at the following levels: physicalchemical, tissue, cellular, and molecular. In 2007, then in 2009, strategies for management of patients with or at risk for BONJ were set forth in the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) Position Paper on BONJ. BONJ's treatment comprises the following: pain control, antibiotic therapy, mouth rinse, BP discontinuation, and surgical debridement. Such measures, however, do not always achieve the resolution of the clinical findings. That led numerous authors to suggest, in complement to treatments advised by AAOMS, many experimental treatments as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). HBOT is a way of treatment which increases the oxygen content of the blood and, consequently, the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues. The proposed rationale behind the beneficial effects of HBOT in ONM is increased wound healing, reduction of oedema and inflammation, stem cell mobilization and moderation of the suppression of bone turnover by BP. At the moment there is a controversy concerning the effectiveness of HBOT in the treatment of BONJ. But there are two ongoing randomized controlled trials in USA which are testing specifically the effectiveness of adjunctive HBOT in the management of BONJ. Although early results are encouraging, evidence-based conclusions could be made after the final results of these studies are published.
Mots clés : bisphosphonates / ostéonécrose des maxillaires / oxygénothérapie hyperbare / ostéoporose / cancer
Key words: bisphosphonates / osteonecrosis of the jaws / hyperbaric oxygen therapy / osteoporosis / cancer
© SFCO, 2013
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