Open Access
Table I
Features and main outcomes of the included studies.
| Author’s | Geographic origin | Method | Type of lesions | No. of samples | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakarin Kitkumthon et al. (2010) [6] | Thailand | PCR | Group 1 : AMB SMA UA Group 2 : Healthy controls |
78 5325 94 |
The P53 Arg allele increases susceptibility to AMB, suggesting its importance in tumor etiology. |
| Noorieh Sharifisistani et al. (2011) [7] | Iran | IHC | AMB follicular plexiform UA KOT |
39 15 15 9 15 |
p53 was expressed in 77.8% of AMB and 100% of KOTs, while MDM2 was detected in 74.8% and 80% of cases, respectively. No statistically significant difference in p53 expression was observed among AMB subtypes or between AMB and KOTs (P > 0.05). A positive correlation between p53 and MDM2 expression was reported. |
| Amol Ramchandra Gadbail et al. (2011) [8] | India | IHC | AMB SMA UA KCOT DC NOM FOM |
23 14 9 32 30 12 10 |
No significant difference between UA and SMA (P = 0.388). p53 significantly higher in AMB compared with KCOT, DC, NOM, and FOM (P < 0.001).Positive correlation between Ki-67 and p53 (P < 0.001). |
| Olusegun Michael Adesina et al. (2022) [10] | Nigeria | IHC | AMB AOT OKC |
69 23 23 |
p53 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in AMB than in AOT and OKC (P < 0.05). The highest expression was observed in plexiform ameloblastoma, indicating increased proliferative activity |
| Zulfin Shaikh et al. (2015) [11] | India | IHC | AMB Follicular Plexiform Unicystic AOT |
25 12 4 9 25 |
p53 expression was observed in both AMB and AOT with no statistically significant difference between the two tumors (P = 0.554). The average percentage of p53-positive cells was 75.97% in AMB and 69.87% in AOT. In contrast, survivin expression was significantly higher in AMB than in AOT (P = 0.002), suggesting differences in apoptotic regulation and tumor behavior. |
| Adriano Mota Loyola et al. (2016) [12] | Brasil | IHC | AMECA + atypical AMB | 17 | Strong p53 nuclear expression was observed in AMECA and was associated with a high Ki-67 proliferative index, supporting the role of p53 alterations in malignant transformation. |
| Zhu You et al. (2019) [13] | China | IHC | AM-BC | 6 | p53 expression was positive in all AM-BC cases and significantly higher than in other ameloblastoma variants (P < 0.05), suggesting increased proliferative activity. |
| Jefferson-da Rocha Tenório et al. (2018) [14] | Brasil | IHC | AMB OKC AOT |
20 20 20 |
p53 expression was detected in all lesions, predominantly with low expression in AMB. No significant difference was observed between AMB, OKC, and AOT (P = 0.108). Non-significant positive correlation with Bcl-2 (r = 0.200) and negative correlation with Bax (r = −0.100). |
| Abhishek Singh et al. (2020) [15] | India | IHC | SMA OKC UA |
20 20 20 |
p53 expression was detected in all AMBs. No significant difference was observed between UA and SMA (P = 0.388), while expression was significantly higher in AMBs compared with other odontogenic lesions (P < 0.001). Positive correlation with PCNA was reported. |
| Jahanshah Salehinejad et al. (2011) [16] | Iran | IHC | AMB Plexiform Follicular Acanthom-tous AOT |
30 15 12 3 12 |
No statistically significant difference in p53 expression among ameloblastoma subtypes (P = 0.589). A significant difference in p53 expression was observed between ameloblastomas and AOTs (P < 0.001). The intensity of p53 staining was significantly higher in ameloblastomas. A positive correlation between PCNA and p53 expression was also reported. |
| Takeshi Beppu et al. (2015) [17] | Japan | IHC | AMECA secondary type | 1 | An unusual case of AMB progressing to AMECA was documented, with increased Ki-67 and p53 staining, alongside changes in cytokeratin expression. |
| Hisashi Kato et al. (2012) [18] | Japan | IHC | PA AMB |
1 4 |
Immunohistochemical analysis showed absence of p53 expression in both peripheral and intraosseous AMBs, while p63 was positively expressed in all samples. The Ki-67 labeling index was low (2.22% in PA and 1.37% in intraosseous AMBs), indicating low proliferative activity and supporting the benign biological behavior of these lesions. |
| Alma Florescu et al. (2012) [19] | Romania | IHC | AMB | 17 | p53 expression was detected in 52.9% (9/17) of AMBs, with weak to moderate nuclear staining predominantly in peripheral columnar cells. The positivity index exceeded 50% in peripheral cells but remained below 10% in stellate reticulum cells. A significant difference in marker reactivity between epithelial compartments was observed (P < 0.001), while no association with histological subtype was found (P > 0.05). |
| Juan-Carlos de Vicente et al. (2010) [20] | Spain | IHC | OKC DCs 10 RCs AMB |
11 10 10 10 |
P53 immunoexpression was detected in 64% of OKCs, 40% of DCs and RCs, and 30% of AMBs. Immunolabelling for P53 was scattered and only occasionally clustered in AMB. |
| Daniela Adorno-Farias et al. (2018) [21] | Brasil | IHC | AA | 8 | Weak to moderate nuclear p53 expression was detected in AA, associated with high Ki-67 proliferative activity, suggesting aggressive tumor behavior. |
| Thasvir Singh et al. (2016) [22] | India | IHC | SMA UA |
33 6 |
UA showed significantly higher p53 expression than SMA (P = 0.03), with many cases demonstrating strong positivity (>50% tumor cells). |
| Adriano Mota Loyota et al. (2015) [23] | Brasil | IHC | AA | 5 | Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated weak to moderate nuclear p53 staining in all cases, with additional weak cytoplasmic expression in three cases. The tumors also showed a high proliferative activity with a mean Ki-67 index of 72.4 ± 24.9 positive cells per high-power field, supporting the aggressive biological behavior and high recurrence potential of AA. |
AMB: ameloblastoma, SMA: solid ameloblastoma, UA: unicystic ameloblastoma, AM-BC: ameloblastomas with basal cell features, AA: adenoid ameloblastoma, PA: peripheral ameloblastoma, DC: dentigerous cyst, OKC: odontogenic keratocyst, AOT: adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, AMECA: ameloblastic carcinoma, RC: radicular cyst, NOM: normal oral mucosa, FOM: fetal oral mucosa.
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