Open Access
Table I
Diagnostic modalities for Extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
| Tests | Description |
|---|---|
| The extended focused assessment with sonography for tuberculosis (eFASH) | In patients with tuberculosis, extended focused examination with sonography aids in determining the size of enlarged intraabdominal, axillary, nuchal, cervical lymph nodes, hepatomegaly, splenoregaly and thickening of terminal ileal wall. |
| Tuberculin skin test (TST) | A 0.1 ml intradermal injection of tuberculin pure protein derivative (PPD) is administered to the inner surface of the forearm as part of the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). The induration reactions are measured within 48 to 72 h following intradermal injection of pure protein derivative (PPD). An induration measuring 5 mm or more is a positive test result for contagious tuberculosis. |
| Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) (Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF assay / TruNAT®MTB) |
An automated molecular technique that uses Polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent probe. It provides rapid test results within 2 h. |
| Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) | Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are blood tests employed to help diagnose tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. When diagnosing active and latent tuberculous infection, these assays quantify the immune response to particular antigens produced by M. tuberculosis bacteria. |
| QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) | It identifies in vitro responses to peptide antigens associated with tuberculosis (TB) infection by measuring interferon-gamma levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in one antigen tube. |
| QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus test | Interprets peptides of tubercle bacilli to stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in two antigen tubes (TB1) and (TB2), potentially increasing the sensitivity for detecting both active and latent infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| T-SPOT®.TB test (T-Spot) | The T-SPOT.TB test detects M. tuberculosis-sensitized T cells using enzyme-linked immunospot technology (ELISPOT). It assesses interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) reactions to antigens unique to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). |
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