Level 2 of Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model: knowledge. Evolution of students' knowledge over time, overall and by education level. A pilot study to evaluate a course on tobacco cessation in dental practice, France, 2022–2023. Data are shown as the mean knowledge score out of 10. Scores obtained immediately after the course were compared to initial scores, and those obtained six months later were compared to immediate post-course scores. P-values are provided only when significant.