Open Access
Table III
Characteristics of the five selected clinical trials.
| Author (first) date of publication | Study design | Country | Population characteristics | Control groups | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Methoxyflurane procedure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zabolotnii, 2016 | Randomized trial | Moldova | 101 patients (mean age = 29.2 years, 32 F, 69 M) | Local anesthesia (41 patients) | − Adult (> 18 years) − Dental caries, pulpal diseases and wedge-shaped defects. |
− Kidney or liver deficiencies − Diabetes − Pregnancy |
− MTXF self-administration using an inhaler in 60 patients − 10 inhalations before opening the pulp chamber |
| Allen, 1972 | Randomized trial | USA | 52 patients (17–51 years) (31 F, 21 M) | MTXF Cyprane inhaler or MTXF Analgizer | − Restorative dentistry − Oral surgical intervention |
− Patient in whom the analgesia was repeated | Continuous MTXF analgesia via Cyprane inhaler in 28 patients or Analgizer (closed and open) in 24 patients, from 3 L/min to 12 L/min |
| Oyama, 1971 | Descriptive study | Japan | 23 patients | MTXF Cyprane inhaler or MTXF Analgizer | Dental procedures | Increasing MTXF concentrations from 0.2% to 1.1% for 8 min in 10 volunteers and 13 dental out-patients | |
| Goldstein, 1968 | Descriptive study | USA | 50 patients | MTXF inhalation using nasal cannula or nasal hood | Painful dental manipulation | Increasing concentration of MTXF from 0.1% to reach the desired concentrations: − using nasal cannula 1% in 20 patients, 1.5% in 5 patients over an interval of 90 s, and after prior 1% MTXF mask inhalation for 60 s before 1% in 10 patients − using nasal hood 1% in a group of 15 patients |
|
| Dragon, 1967 | Descriptive study | USA | 262 patients: 3 groups: 22 children (1–10 years), 83 adolescents (10–15 years) and 157 adults (16–67 years) | − Routine dental operative procedure or simple extraction − Patient classified as apprehensive |
− Patients not classified as apprehensive | − First administration by a practitioner and then by a dental assistant using a face mask − 15 mL of 1% MTXF for 3 min and an additional 2 min in several patients |
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