Table I
shows summary of the study groups, number of animals in each group, treatments provided to each group and the main histopathologic observations. Nigella Sativa (NS); Thymoquinone (TQ); (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); 7,12-dimethylbenza [a] anthracene (DMBA).
| Group | Treatment and Animals' Numbers (N) | Histopathologic observations |
|---|---|---|
| G I | Untreated healthy control. N = 10 | Normal thin keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, no rete ridges, and no appendages. |
| G II | DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratinization, signs of severe epithelial dysplasia and fibrotic connective tissue with moderate inflammatory cell infiltrate. |
| G Aia | NS for 2 weeks. N = 10 | Similar to control with slight hyperkeratinization. |
| G Aib | NS for 2 weeks then DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and severe dysplasia. |
| G Aii | NS plus DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and moderate dysplasia. |
| G Aiii | NS for 2 weeks then, DMBA plus NS for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and mild dysplasia. |
| G Aiv | DMBA for 6 weeks then, NS for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and mild dysplasia. |
| G Bia | TQ for 2 weeks. N = 10 | Similar to control with slight hyperkeratinization. |
| G Bib | TQ alone for 2 weeks then, DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and mild dysplasia. |
| G Bii | TQ plus DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and moderate dysplasia. |
| G Biv | DMBA for 6 weeks then, TQ for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and mild dysplasia. |
| G Cia | EGCG for 2 weeks. N = 10 | Similar to control with slight hyperkeratinization. |
| G Cib | EGCG for 2 weeks then, DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and moderate dysplasia. |
| G Cii | EGCG plus DMBA for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia and moderate dysplasia. |
| G Ciii | EGCG for 2 weeks, then DMBA plus EGCG for 6 weeks. N = 10 | Epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratinization and mild dysplasia. |
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