Open Access
Table I
Demographic characteristics of patients included in studies.
| Author/Country | Duration of study | Source | Design | Number of patients | Age | Gender | Case definition | Age Classification | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abraham JT et al. 2019/ USA | 5 Y (October 2011 to October 2016) | Pediatric trauma registry Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas. | RS | 102 | 3 D − 16 Y Mean 5.84 Y |
43:57 (0.75:1) | Individuals ≤ 18 years who sustained a dog bite and presented to the ED directly or as a transfer from a regional center for continued care. | 0–1Y: 11, 2–5 Y: 44, 6–12 Y : 42, >13Y : 5 |
| 2 | Akhtar N et al. 2006/ UK | 5 Y (1998–2002) | Plastic Surgery Department at the Sheffield's Children Hospital, UK | RS | 118 | 1 − 15 Y Mean 6.6 Y | 70:48 (1.4:1) |
Patients with a dog bite injury admitted under the care of the Plastic Surgery Department at the Sheffield's Children Hospital. | |
| 3 | Alizadeh K et al. 2017/ USA | 3 Y (January 2012–December 2014) | Maria Fareri Children's Hospital of Westchester Medical Center, USA | RS | 108 | 0 − 18 Y Mean 6.5 ± 4.9 Y |
61:47 (1.30:1) | All the pediatric patients (age, 0–18 years old) who sustained dog bites | Infant : 17.5%, Preschool : 33.3%, Grade School : 31.4%, Teenage : 17.5% |
| 4 | Avner RJ et al. 1991/ USA | 1 Y (January 1989– December 1989) | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Emergency Department |
PS | 168 | 7 Mo − 17 Y, Mean 8 Y | 60:40 (1.5) | Children younger than 19 years of age who presented to ED for evaluation of dog bite injuries | ≤ 5 Y : 54 >5 Y : 114 |
| 5 | Bernardo LM et al. 1998/ USA | 6 Y (January 1990–December 1995) | Registry of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) |
RS | 183 | <18 Y Mean 3.6 Y | 106:77 (1.38:1) | Individuals 18 years of age or younger whose injuries were associated with a dog bite | |
| 6 | Bernardo LM et al. 2000/ USA | 1 Y (January 1997–December 1997) | ED records of Children Hospital of Pittsburg | RS | 204 | 2 D − 19 Y Mean 6.8±4.2 49% <5 Y |
124:80 (1.55:1) | (1) the biting episode was caused by a dog, and (2) the dog bite occurred less than 24 hours before the ED visit. | ≤5 Y: 49% |
| 7 | Bernardo LM et al. 2002/ USA | 2 Y (January 1999–December 2000) | Patient records from ED of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP) |
RS | 386 | 7 Mo to 19 Y Mean 6.7 Y |
200:186 (1.07:1) |
1) the biting episode was caused by a dog, and 2) the dog bite occurred less than 24 hours prior to the ED visit. | < 6 Y : 52.8%, >7 Y : 47.2% |
| 8 | Chen HH et al. 2013/ USA | 5 Y (January 2003–December 2008) | Children's Hospital (Denver, CO) | RS | 537 | 0.5 − 17 Y Mean 4.59±3.36 Y |
52:48 (1.08:1) |
Patients with a diagnosis of dog bite were identified by a search for medical records containing Code E906.0. Each record was evaluated to identify children with bites to the face | 0–5 Y : 68%, 6–12 Y : 28%, 13–17 Y : 4% |
| 9 | Chiam SC et al. 2014/ Australia | 2 Y (January 2009–December2011) | Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. | RS | 277 | 1 Mo − 17 Y, Mode 2 Y, Median 5 Y | 160:117 (1.37:1) | Children aged0–17 years presenting with dog bites | 0–4 Y : 120, 5–8 Y : 67, 9–12 Y : 58, 13–17 Y : 32 |
| 10 | Daniels DM et al. 2009/ USA | 7 Y (1999–2006) | Two Level I Trauma Centers | RS | 1347 | <18 Y Mean age 7.28±4.44 Y |
1.32:1 | The study population included all visits by children younger than 18 years who were evaluated and treated for dog bite − related injuries | < 5 Y: 34%, 5–10 Y : 40%, 11–17 Y : 26% |
| 11 | Dwyer JP et al. 2007/ South Africa | 15 Y (4th March 1991 to October 2004) | Child Accident Prevention Foundation of South Africa (CAPFSA) trauma registry | RS | 1871 | 2.5 Mo to 18.5 Y Mean 6.84±3.30 | 1265:606 (2.09:1) | < 6 Y: 797, ≥6 Y: 1065, Unknown : 9 | |
| 12 | Eppley BL et al. 2013/ USA | 10 Y (1995–2005) | Riley Hospital for Children | PS | 107 | 6 Wk to 11.5 Y Mean 5.7±2.9 Y | 56:51 (1.1:1) |
Children (<12 years of age) with dog bites above the clavicles | |
| 13 | Fien J et al.2018/ California/ USA | 8 Y (2007–2014) | Research data sets of NTDB | RS | 7912 | <18 Y Mean 5.4 Y | 43:57 (0.75:1) | 17 years or younger with the ICD − 9 − CM E906.0 code, dog bite. | 0–2Y : 30%, 3–5 Y : 27%, 6–12 Y : 34%, 13– 17 Y : 6% |
| 14 | Garvey EM et al. 2014/ USA | 7 Y 2 mo | Phoenix Children's Hospital Level I Trauma Centers | RS | 282 | 2 mo to 17 Y Median 5 Y | 54.6:45.4 (1.20:1) | Dog bite patients are included in the trauma database if they are evaluated by the trauma team or arrive to the ED | |
| 15 | Greenhalgh C et al. 1991 Australia | 18 Mo (January 1986 to June 1987) | Emergency Department (ED) at the Adelaide Children's Hospital |
RS | 159 | 100:59 (1.69:1) | |||
| 16 | Kasbekar AV et al. 2013/ UK | 10 Y (September 2001–August 2011) | Alder Hey Children's Hospital Liverpool/ UK | RS | 436 | 1 Mo − 16 Y Median 6 Y | 1.2:1 | Injury to the head and neck region by a dog in children of 16 years of age or under |
|
| 17 | Kaye AE et al. 2009/ USA | 4 Y (April 2001–December 2005) | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Emergency Department |
RS | 551 | 5 Mo − 18 Y Mean 8.41 Y for Males Mean 8.666 Y for females |
346:205 (1.7:1) |
Children presenting to the Hospital with ICD 9th revision diagnosis code E906.0 (dog bite injury) | Infant 0–1 Y : 4.5%, Preschooler 2–5 Y : 24%, Grade School 6–12 Y : 51%, Teenager 13–18 Y : 20.5% |
| 18 | Kahn A et al. 2003 / Belgium | 9 Mo (April 15 to December 31, 2001) | Questionnaire based survey | 100 | <16 Y, 3 Mo − 15 Y Median 7 Y |
1.38:1 | The children younger than 16 years old, had been bitten by a dog less than 72 h earlier, and agreed to answer a questionnaire or an adult care − giver agreed to answer on their behalf. | ||
| 19 | Lang, ME et al. 2005 /Canada | 4 Y (1998–2002) | 2 tertiary EDs in Edmonton,Alta. | RS | 287 | 4 Mo to 16.9 Y Mean 7.4±4.2 |
145:142 (1.02:1) | Children < 16 years of age presenting with a dog bite |
|
| 20 | McGuire C et al. 2018/ Canada | 2.5 Y (January 2015–June 2017) | Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre ED |
RS | 158 | <16 Y | 53.8:46.2 (1.16:1) | ICD − 10 − CA(Tenth edition) Code W54, Corresponding to bitten by Dog | |
| 21 | McHeik, JN et al. 2000/ France | 10 Y (1985–1995) | RS | 100 | 59:41 (1.44:1) | ||||
| 22 | Mitchell RB et al. 2003/USA | 6 Y (January 1995–December 2000) | University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center |
RS | 44 | 1 − 12.1 Y, Mean 5.2±2.9 Y | 61.3:38.7 (1.58:1) | Children with bites of the scalp, face, or neck E906.0 of ICD/9/CM |
|
| 23 | Monroy A et al. 2009 / USA | 9 Y (1999–2007) | Tertiary care children's Hospital | RS | 84 | 0 − 19 Y Mean 6.19±4.01 Y Median 4.07 |
46:38 (1.2:1) |
Dog bite injuries sustained to head and neck. | |
| 24 | Reisner IR et al. 2011/USA | 2 Y 3 Mo (December 2006–Feburary 2009) |
ED of the Level 1 trauma centre at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | CS Questionnaire based survey | 203 | 3 Mo − 17 Y, Mean 7.2 Y, Median 6.5 Y | 55.2:44.8 (1.23:1) | <17 years presenting for dog bite injuries | |
| 25 | Schalamon J et al. 2005/ Austria | 5 Y (1994–2003) | Department of Pediatric Surgery at the Medical University of Graz (Level 1 trauma center) |
RS | 341 | 8 D − 16 Y Mean 5.9 Y | 174:167 (1.04:1) | Individuals younger than 17 years and sought medical attention after a dog bite | |
| 26 | Speirs J et al. 2015/ Texas/ USA | 6 Y (2005–2011) | Level one trauma centre | RS | 116 | <19 Y | <19 yrs old with a dog bite injuries | ||
| 27 | Sribnick EA et al. 2016/ USA | 106 Mo (February 2000–December2009) | State − mandated trauma database (Georgia Central Trauma Registry) |
RS | 236 | Mean 5.83 Y | 132:104 (1.27:1) | Patients less than 18 years of age who were seen in the Emergency Department for a documented acute injury due to a dog bite. | |
| 28 | Van As AB et al. 2010/ South Africa | 13. 5 Y (March 1991–November 2004) | The Child Accident Prevention Foundation of South Africa (CAPFSA) trauma registry. |
RS | 596 | 2.5 Mo to 13.4 Y 5.1±2.9 Y |
404:192 (2.1:1) |
||
| 29 | Wu PS et al./ USA | 5 Y (January 2003–December 2008) | Urban tertiary care hospital | RS | 87 | 9 Mo − 17 Y Mean 6.82 Y |
41:46(0.89:1) | Patient 18 years or younger who sustained a facial dog bite injury and was treated by a single pediatric surgery practice at an urban, tertiary care hospital. Dog bites to the face of all severities |
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