Original Article

Serum vitamin D/25(OH)D associated with toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expression of immune cells in the saliva of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a preliminary study

¹ Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
² Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Aitlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

^* Correspondence: drghendri@ugm.ac.id

Received: 23 August 2020
Accepted: 30 November 2020

Abstract

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) development. Vitamin D may involve in pathogen recognition through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in immune cells in saliva. This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum vitamin D/25(OH)D and TLR2 expression of immune cells in the saliva of SLE. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at the the SLE patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those who had signed informed consent involved to underwent unstimulated saliva collection and blood samples for TLR2 and vitamin D/25(OH)D examination. The correlation between serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentration and salivary TLR2 expression was analyzed using the correlation test, linear regression with 95% confidence level. Results: Thirty SLE patients had a mean serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentration of 9.98 ± 4.64 ng/ml. The mean of TLR2 expression of CD11b⁺ cells in saliva was 26.03 ± 20.92%. There was a significant positive correlation between serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentration and TLR 2 expression of CD11b⁺ cells in the saliva. (r = 0.434; P < 0.05). Vitamin D/25(OH)D was the only predictor for TLR 2 expression. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D/25(OH)D concentrations associated with TLR2 expression of CD11b⁺ cells in the saliva of SLE.