Open Access

Table II

JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for case–control studies, cross-sectional studies and case-series.

JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for case–control studies:
Salmanton-Garcia 2016
1. Were the groups comparable other than the presence of disease in cases or the absence of disease in controls? Y
2. Were cases and controls matched appropriately? Y
3. Were the same criteria used for identification of cases and controls? Y
4. Was exposure measured in a standard, valid and reliable way? Y
5. Was exposure measured in the same way for cases and controls? Y
6. Were confounding factors identified? Y
7. Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? Y
8. Were outcomes assessed in a standard, valid and reliable way for cases and controls? Y
9. Was the exposure period of interest long enough to be meaningful? Y
10. Was appropriate statistical analysis used? Y
Total Yes score 10/10 (100%)
JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for cross-sectional studies:
1. Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? Y
2. Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Y
3. Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? Y
4. Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? Y
5. Were confounding factors identified? Y
6. Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? Y
7. Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? Y
8. Was appropriate statistical analysis used? Y
Total Yes score 8/8 (100%)
JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for case-series:
  Esteak 2022 Iqtdar 2022
1. Were there clear criteria for inclusion in the case series? N N
2. Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants included in the case series? Y Y
3. Were valid methods used for identification of the condition for all participants included in the case series? Y Y
4. Did the case series have consecutive inclusion of participants? N Y
5. Did the case series have complete inclusion of participants? U Y
6. Was there clear reporting of the demographics of the participants in the study? N N
7. Was there clear reporting of clinical information of the participants? Y Y
8. Were the outcomes or follow up results of cases clearly reported? Y Y
9. Was there clear reporting of the presenting site(s)/clinic(s) demographic information? N Y
10. Was statistical analysis appropriate? N Y

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